Modernist and Symbolic Interpretivist Prespectives Sustainability

Question: Examine about the Modernist and Symbolic Interpretivist Prespectives Sustainability. Answer: Presentation The examinations with respect to hierarchical hypotheses are typically multidisciplinary. They incorporate different ideas from various fields like humanities, social science, social brain science, political theory, building and modern brain research. Its multifaceted assortment of thoughts and techniques to investigate data of the association. In any case, there the prime angles or hierarchical speculations are the Modernist, Critical scholar, Symbolic Interpretivist and Postmodernist. These points of view help the scientists to make understanding with respect to the association and perceive techniques that could be utilized to accomplish, advance and redesign manageability of the associations. In this paper we would investigate the innovation and image interpretive points of view and the attempt to comprehend them with respect to improving and keeping up the maintainability in the association. The word cosmology means to a part of theory that that reviews presumptions about presence and meanings of the real world. It manages hypothesis of what exists while epistemology alludes to how we recognize what we consider information. In this paper we would essentially dissect two readings in particular: The paper would fundamentally assess how the ontological and epistemological situations by these readings through light upon the job of innovator and representative interpretivist point of view in the associations supportability. Pioneer and Symbolic Interpretive Theories So as to comprehend the meta-hypothetical point of view of innovator and representative interpretive hierarchical ways of thinking, we can think about the accompanying four sections. The initial segment is ontological, for innovation cosmology lies in its center of objectivism. Pioneer viewpoint depends on the way of thinking that the nearness of outside authenticity doesn't rely upon our colleague about it. While the image interpretive metaphysics depends on subjectivism. It believes that one is unequipped for knowing an outside or target nearness other than the emotional awareness about it that one as of now has. The subsequent part is epistemology, which is positivism for the innovation point of view. It confides in the conviction closed by compelling conceptualization and trustworthy estimation to survey information. The information accumulates, allowing people to develop and progress. In any case, in image interpretive, assurance is near to time and place and the people finding that importance. The third part is hypothesis suppositions, where innovation hypothesis plans to find guidelines which are widespread and appropriate to each circumstance. While, image interpretive hypothesis advises that individuals put in endeavors to provide request and significance as far as anyone is concerned inside exact foundations. At long last, the fourth part, technique for innovation, grounded upon arithmetical intends to decide the relationship among the recommendation and the handy world. Like in innovation, to explain a social marvel assortment and investigations of arithmetical information from structure of masses is finished. While in the image interpretive, utilization of subjective methodologies is finished by methods for perception and clarification to assemble data for advancing hypothesis by inductive strategy (Boist and Mckelvey, 2010). Contrasting the two viewpoints, we can say that in the innovation points of view, the observational authenticity is acquired uniquely by the utilization of five faculties and rehashing its training. While, in the point of view of image interpretive, experimental authenticity fuses different kinds of encounters which are past capacity of simply the five detects like instinct, feeling, etc.to comprehend it better we can take a model, that is the point at which a worker is genuinely present in office, at that point innovation viewpoint would reason that he is working and his quality is exclusively adequate to assess that he is playing out his obligations. Nonetheless, the image interpretive point of view would not have faith in minor nearness of representative evidence of his presentation of obligations until another person can understanding and validate the work done by the worker (Hassard and Pym, 2012). Manageability According to the readings figured by Kearins and Gilson (2005), the Editorial: Theoretical points of view on manageability and Hatch and Cunliffe (2012), the Organization hypothesis: Modern, emblematic, and postmodern viewpoints, the associations flourish to accomplish the supportability in their development and achievement. Maintainability concerns which the todays society and business face are significantly characterizes dichotomously with respect to the wide biological and social issues against the need of association to maintain manageable business incomes. Today the dynamic in the corporate world is exceptionally commanded by the motivations of transient capital markets. In any case, together they recommend a position which is helpful for both manageability of the companys benefits alongside the maintainability of the condition its working it. Kearins and Gilson (2005) contends about the activity of supportability as a hypothetical develop that has the inert to edify practice. I ncubate and Cunliffe (2012) recommended that the philosophy for the innovator point of view incorporates the objectivism, which has confidence in enduring reality which exists outside the human impact, while the emblematic interpretivist viewpoint metaphysics put confidence in a few wonders that couldn't be known utilizing the goal cosmology. They likewise accentuated by the innovator perspective on epistemology is the positivist that accept one can discover the truth about on happening by utilizing the logical techniques while the epistemology for emblematic interpretivist point of view accepts that the information can be made and seen just when the settings is investigated that offer significance to that information. Viewpoint of Modernist and Symbolic Interpretivist hypothesis on supportability in an association The perspectives opined by the innovation and image interpretive viewpoints about the administration, improvement and supportability of an association give distinctive story experiences. The innovation perspective essentially serious on the intensity of pioneers on understanding the way of life and activity of an association and placing by and by the strategies that can improve the proficiency and manageability of the organization. According to the innovation, the association can be considered as a sovereign, target unit and which takes a hopeful technique to making information. In this perspective for the drawn out supportability of the organization it must have productive and strong culture with all the partners having dynamic influence in accomplishing the organization objectives. The chiefs with pioneer approach have faith in the impact of steady corporate culture in the productive execution of the organization. They additionally acknowledge that workers must be given appropriate supportable structure so as to empower them to accomplish the ideal corporate objectives. In like manner, they battle that outside impacts can help foundations to advance their presentation just when the individuals from the association embrace the changes. Quantitative strategy is utilized to assess and gauge the impact of these points of view with the feasible development of the organization. Pioneers builds up the help for the approval of authoritative practices. Pioneers slant towards the apparent outcomes or arranged conditions as opposed to digging into the more mind boggling social systems associated with accomplishing of those outcomes (Chia, 1995). The administrators with the twist of present day mind points of view are prepared to just focus on the improvement of effectiveness and profitability utilizing the quantifiable logical strategies. Innovators embrace the view that in significant manners, the unmistakable practices of representatives at working environment is the consequence of guidelines, mentalities and feelings, which may likewise influence different workers. The workers must be given clear employment directions and set of accepted rules that they should follow to guarantee the development of business regarding benefits just as notoriety in the market. This would not just guarantee that the objectives of the organization are met effortlessly yet in addi tion the picture of the organization out in the open is of alluring business, helping it to accomplish long haul supportability. As opposed to the pioneer accepts the emblematic interpretive viewpoints, views an association as a mutual unit which is continued by the presence of different human connections. It put accentuation on the subjectivist cosmology and interpretive epistemology to comprehend the association. The devotee of this point of view requires understanding and confirmation which are intriguing for the manageability of the hierarchical. Representative interpretivist believes that people can be animated to be viable or extra cognizant with the job they play in the general companys mission for its objectives. Public constructionist rehearses subjective information assortment ways to deal with mention objective fact about the job of workers and accomplishment of organization in accomplishing its objectives and building up the hearty supportable company (Oliver, 2011). Pioneer hypothesis has its base in the Taylors methods of reasoning about association. In spite of the fact that generally his ideas got numerous analysis as they regarded laborers as minor maker of significant worth like the working machines. His methodology was drained of any human perspectives, feelings, mental circumstances, and so on. According to Taylorism to have a supported compelling and effective business the workers must be given unmistakable obligations and purposes. Likewise it recommended that the best way to keep the representatives persuaded was cash (Holmes and Evans, 2013). Essentially, the administration approach is a case of another innovator point of view of the conventional administration speculations, it was given by Max Weber and it accentuated on the directed type of various leveled framework in the organization to guarantee proficiency (Scott and Davis, 2013). The Symbol Interpretivist Theory on the other h

Essay on The Great Gatsby Example For Students

Exposition on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a novel about a man who attempts to prevail upon a lady he had lost numerous years prior. Jay Gatsby is the legend in this novel since he stands apart among the rich. Not at all like the remainder of the rich individuals in this novel Gatsby has virtues, and the remainder of them can just handle things of material worth. Gatsby goes through his entire time on earth attempting to conceal the way that he wasnt like the others. Gatsby never fits in among them since what he sees of them is all off-base, they were as uncivil as any other person. Through being less crude than the rich, assurance for adoration, being decided by his feelings that delete any uncertainty, he hushes up tempered; which maintains his significance, and he is secured by others that let us know of his significance. Gatsby isn't as crude as the remainder of the rich people, he is increasingly mannered and common. The individuals at his gatherings are on the whole wild and not common, what you would not anticipate from individuals of this height. Gatsby is like this since he has needed to win his cash and has not quite recently acquired it like the sluggish parcel of them. The main other individual that approaches Gatsby is Nick, however we dont get the chance to perceive what he would resemble with riches. All through the novel Gatsby watches out upon the group, when he comes down to welcome Nick he is extremely pleasant to everybody encompassing him, realizing they spread bits of gossip and lies about him. He doesnt consider anything it since he knows its characteristic for individuals to babble, he cannot pass judgment on them on it since it is the group he wishes to turn into. Scratch discloses to Gatsby he is superior to the entire spoiled pack of them, Nick understands this since he recognizes what it resembles to be poor and he knows Gatsby still acts like a poor man, yet he has all the riches to cover it up (p. 146). Gatsby is resolved to locate his one genuine romance, which makes him stand apart from the affluent too. The entirety of the wealthy in the novel arent looking for anything, none of the rich can cherish anything except if it is of material worth. It appears as though they love one another, yet they just out of every others riches. Tom doesn't cherish Daisy he undermines her constantly. Daisy didn't adore Tom, she wedded him for riches, or, in all likelihood she would have hitched Gatsby in the event that he were not stood up to. Gatsby was into bootlegging, which was illicit, he could lose his wealth whenever, and if Daisy were with him she would wind up poor. Gatsby was looking for the American Dream, the main thing he had left to grasp in it was a caring family. Daisy was the imperfection in the American Dream. Gatsby needed to wed out of affection and not out of riches like all the others. He realized he needed to live the American Dream to marry her. He realized she cherished riches more than all else, he had an assortment of clippings of nearly all that she had done throughout the years (p. 90). Gatsby could have any other individual on the planet with old cash, yet he just needed Daisy, along these lines she was his one genuine romance. Gatsby was governed by his feelings, which makes him question any doubts he had made about Daisy. Gatsby realized she would never cherish him like he adored her, however it didn't stop him. .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .postImageUrl , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:hover , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:visited , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:active { border:0!important; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:active , .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uda62 826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uda62826fa7456451fea9d2bca44c4f32:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Blood Brothers Argumentative EssayGatsby continued hosting gatherings with the expectation that she would come to them, when she never did he thought it incident and not destiny, which it was. He had faith in trust and not destiny or, more than likely he would have anticipated the dramatic finish. When he has seen her again he checks that she is in life just for cash, however he recalls that he has been after her his whole life and it doesnt matter what she thinks. After the gathering she had at long last gone to Gatsby is unsatisfied with the outcomes and says that she didnt like it (p. 106). After this Gatsby is as yet resolved to cause her to comprehend like she used to, to make her adoration him as she did. After this blemish he despite everything seeks after her, in spite of what she thinks, he trusts where it counts inside she recollects. His calm temper makes him stand apart among the others as it maintains his significance. Gatsbys house is in a deplorable wreckage after these gatherings yet he is never enraged about it. He sees the rich as being low tempered and mannered individuals, when in truth they are not, they are irate basic individuals, and in light of the fact that he isn't like this he is the saint. He never is frantic about Daisy never going to his gathering, never gets baffled, and not under any condition rankled by what gossipy tidbits are spread about him. At the point when he becomes rich himself he understands that the rich are high tempered and crude individuals, which is the reason he utilizes individuals to get what he needs. He meets Nick and really feels terrible for utilizing him, since he is a courteous less crude character, for example, himself. At the point when Tom is attempting to befuddle Daisy by defying Gatsby and make her stay with him he is as yet not maddened, for example, tom is (p. 26). Now Gatsby sticks out, he is the only one not maddened or totally wild, he tries to avoid panicking. Gatsby is constantly ensured by others in the novel which discloses to us that he is a notable individual. He is ensured by individuals identified with his activity and any individual who knew him. He generally needs Nick to accompany him on things he is uncertain of, similar to when meeting daisy without precedent for a long time (p. 83). He needs others to satisfy his trust in himself, it is the means by which he got as far he did in the novel (cash astute). He just meets new individuals through relationship with another person in the novel, he meets Nick through Jordan and Daisy through Nick. He resembles this since he anticipates that things should come to him like they have in the past like his activity from Meyer Wolfshiem. James Gatsby is the saint in the novel through: his advanced demonstrations, assurance for affection, his overcoming feelings, his calm personality, and his ensured state. A legend is somebody not normal for the others and Gatsby fills this character superbly in the novel. In this manner Gatsby is the character and nobody else ought to try and be considered for his place in The Great Gatsby.

14.11 Putting Social Science to the TestField Experiments in Economics

14.11 Putting Social Science to the Testâ€"Field Experiments in Economics One of the economics electives I have signed up for is 14.11: Putting Social Science to the Test Field Experiments in Economics. From what I hear, this class was just created this year, and this is the first semester its being offered. I think the website is enrollee-only, so heres some information on what were going to study: What is 14.11? 14.11 is a new class on the topic of field (that is, in situ) and laboratory experiments in the social sciences both what these experiments have taught and can teach us and how to conduct them. The class has three major components: 1. In lecture, we will discuss (and you will read research papers on) 12 major substantive topics addressed by experimental social science, including: race discrimination, gender differences in behavior, persuasion, corruption and voting. (See the syllabus on this site for a complete list). 2. Each lecture will also cover methodological topics that will aid you in designing, conducting, analyzing and presenting a field or laboratory experiment. 3. You, the student, will conduct an original experimental study (i.e., not only library or Google research) with human subjects. There will be a number of structured assignments and milestones leading to the planning, execution, write-up and presentation of this research. List of topics: 1. Race discrimination 2. Gender differences in economic environments 3. Improving educational outcomes 4. Incentives 5. Intrinsic motivation and fairness 6. Commitment and self-control 7. Learning and social effects 8. Jury/advocacy 9. Housing experiments 10. Voting behavior and political economy 11. Public health and persuasion 12. Corruption/incentives I am SO excited for this class!

Pursuing a Career as a Physician - 644 Words

On the eve of my fifth birthday, my mother was rushed to the hospital for an emergency C-section. On this night, my sister was born two and a half months premature with a gastrointestinal blockage that sent her straight to the operating room and kept her in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for over three months. Unfortunately, I only had the opportunity to visit my sister a handful of times; my parents adamantly claimed the hospital was no place for kids. The fact that the hospital was off-limits to me peaked my curiosity about what transpired behind the closed doors. I yearned to understand the roles the doctors and nurses played in helping my sister come home. I also longed to see my parents smile and converse in their usual, carefree manner. These months were extremely difficult, as I struggled to grasp the rich complexity of the situation. At a tender age, I was exposed to the frailty of life and the stresses of illness on a family. Moreover, I developed a reverence for the physi cians who enabled my sister to come home and live a normal, healthy life. At the age of ten, there was another medical emergency within my family. My uncle flew to Miami from Jamaica to undergo a delicate cardiac procedure. Her spent the following two months recovering at my home. I did not understand the science underlying his condition, but I recall him being in severe pain. I wanted to help in any way I could, so I tended to his needs before and after school; I prepared his meals andShow MoreRelatedPursuing A Career As A Physician701 Words   |  3 PagesMy decision to pursue a career as a physician was not a blinding revelation, being the daughter of two immigrant parents the thought of becoming a physician seemed distant. In high school I pursued to obtain what for me was then the highest education I perceived I would be able to achieve which was going to college and obtaining a bachelor’s degree. As the quote by Ralph Ellison highlights, â€Å"When I discover who I am, I’ll be free†. This quote resonates with the start of my sec ond year in collegeRead MoreBecoming A Doctor Is Not An Easy Process For Majority Of The Population1351 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess for majority of the population; for others it’s natural. The career I find interesting and may pursue is a Pediatrics doctor. Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in children, ranging from new born babies to eighteen years old. Individuals interested in this field will need a sense of mentality and dedication to work hard. Becoming a doctor is not an easy process; it takes time, motivation, and interest for this type of career. Once an individual is half way through the schooling process ofRead MorePersonal Statement : Family Medicine920 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Physician At first, the career that I currently want to pursue used to surprise me, because I have been rebelling in taking interest in any medical career throughout my middle school and high school years due to my parents’ constant recommendations of the pediatrician occupation. However, during the summer after my high school graduation and when I first entered college, I have been intrigued by family medicine. The Jung-Typology test further strengthened my interest in family medicine byRead MoreWhat Qualities, Skills, Talents, And Experiences Of A Good Health Care Practitioner?1418 Words   |  6 PagesA. Career Choices 1. Describe the qualities, skills, talents, and experiences of a good health care practitioner. How do you exhibit them? A physician must be well rounded in a variety of fields to provide effective care. First, an interest in learning scientific knowledge must be accompanied by the ability to translate that knowledge into methods of treatment. Because science is constantly changing and improving, a physician should be continuously expanding their scientific learning withinRead MoreMedicine And The Body s Extraordinary Capabilities For Survival954 Words   |  4 Pagesempathise for patients, inspiring me into pursuing a medical degree. My medical endeavour deepened as I completed a five-month cooperative education program at a paediatric practice as a medical assistant. I performed tasks such as preparing patient charts and required vaccinations, weighing and measuring children and babies, and assisting with urine testing. It showed me how detailed and thorough a doctor must be with every patient visit. Shadowing the physician gave me a good sense of what his dailyRead MoreSelecting A Career Is Like Choosing A Character When Playing A Game1668 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing a career is like choosing a character when playing a game. A person has to stick with that character throughout the whole game unless that person restarts the plot. As humans, we have to work in order to survive in most cases. When choosing a career, it is what we’re usually stuck with until retirement, unless we go back to school or some other opportunity is given. As a freshman in college, I still have the chance to switch my major befo re I make any regrets. I took a self-assessment testRead MoreApplication For The Medical Assistant Position At Your Medical Practice974 Words   |  4 PagesThis email is in support of my application for the Medical Assistant position at your medical practice in Northwest Atlanta. I am excited to find this opportunity because it closely aligns with my interests and future aspirations of becoming a Physician Assistant. What is being offered is an opportunity that will allow me to hone and polish my interpersonal, communication, and technical skills, but to also develop new skill sets that some health professionals lack. I have a Bachelor’s of Arts inRead MorePhysician Assistant ( Pa )841 Words   |  4 Pageswould live; however, that day I learned that every patient is different. As a Physician Assistant (PA) I want to consider the entire combination of factors that make each person unique, analyzing all aspects of their life – physically and emotionally. Ultimatel y, this experience motivated me to channel all of my energy towards pursuing a career as a PA. The person who first sparked my interest in pursuing a career in medicine was my Mom. She used to tell me a story and say â€Å"you are one of myRead MoreI m Planning On Pursuing A Course1405 Words   |  6 Pagesplanning on pursuing a combined MD/Ph.D. program, which combines both medicine and research to train the next generation of physician-scientists. The path to becoming a physician-scientist is daunting and long, which could take up to 15 years. Aside from having both medical and research training, successfully physician-scientist should also be a problem solver, a critical thinker, resilient, a hard worker and good writer. Writing skills are very important in this field because physician-scientistsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Patient774 Words   |  4 Pagesthe family in terminally ill cases. I had the opportunity to explore laboratory research in hematology while I was pursuing a research project on drug resistance in multiple myeloma at King’s College, London. There, in the department of hematological medicine, I met accomplished clinicians and researchers who inspired me to strive for my dream of the clinician/scientist model of career. In addition to the critical analysis essential for scientific research, long hours in the laboratory taught me patience

Music And Its Effect On The Music Industry - 1216 Words

Music plays a very vital role in every person’s life. Music can change the emotions and senses of a person. No one can actually describe to what extent music is importance but certainly it has a crucial role. Time has been changing with various artists and the creativity has been changing but the music lovers are still the same as they appreciate and receive the music to the same extent as usual. What are the ways to enjoy music and the different forms to access it? Music can be purchased, shared from peer to peer; it can be accessed via radio cassettes, CDs, apart from all these the majority of music is being used by people by downloading from internet. Sharing of music has caused a serious damage to the music industry; in 1999 the debut of the online music sharing services called Napster has totally changed the scenario of the music industry. The topic that we are going to briefly describe in the essay includes how the music transferring is taking place in today’s world, is it the ethical way to download music, what are the impacts of illegal downloading of music, who are the people getting affecting and how can be rectified to save music industry. The Australian laws on illegal downloading have been briefly explained in the following paragraphs. According to Rabindranath Thakur who is famous poet and novelist, â€Å"Music is the purest forms of art... therefore true poets, they who are seers, seek to express the universe in terms of music... The singer has everything withinShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1500 Words   |  6 Pagessurvive in the music industry without a record deal. Thankfully, that has changed and it’s now easier than ever to create and distribute music without a major record label. But there still isn’t a free-for-all market where the music maker can be as free as they want, and maybe not as easy as it should be to reach out to an audience. The fact that music often is received differently in our society depending on the genre, is something we all know of but might don’t recognize. In any industry where moneyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1496 Words   |  6 PagesBefore sound recording were possible, music was enjoyed live by watching the performers performing on their instruments in front of you. When sound recording became possible, the way we enjoy music was not limited to watching the performers anymore. By looking at the development of sound reproduction and the devices that are capable of sound playback, we are able to take a look at look on how the production and consumption of music have been affected over the years in terms of portability, affordabilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1555 Words   |  7 Pagescensoring music on the radio and CDs is not a right thing as censorship can hide a meaning of the song. There are a lot of different factors why many people want their songs to be the way that the songwriter writes them. But these people usually forget that there are many more factors why songs should be censored. On the other hand, people want songs to be Ã' ensored because uncensored music can highly affect young children, limit the exposure of people s morality and some people want music to be censoredRead MoreDigital Music And Its Effects On The Music Industry2225 Words   |  9 Pagesstream music for its listeners, but it was also free. As long as the artists were featured on this program, users could listen to any of their songs at any time. At first, this was only restricted to desktop computer usage, but since then Spotify has launched its app available for mobile devices, further stretching this power of free and instant media at any time. Although this may sound great to users like you and me, the people who ultimately suffer are the artists that put there music out thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry20 13 Words   |  9 Pagesaround the world have enjoyed music in their everyday lives. Whether it be rock, hip hop, classical, or country, artist in every genre have put their heart and soul into creating the ear stimulating music that we have come to tap our feet and sing along with each and every day. That being said, a major problem is occurring in the music industry.Artist in today s music world are getting paid a fraction of what they should be getting paid when it comes to the music that they create for consumersRead MoreRap Music And Its Effects On Modern Music Industry1115 Words   |  5 Pagesnames implies. Rap music has transformed modern music greatly during the decade of 1997 and 2007 (Dyson 61). The decade has seen the southern artists rise to both national and international prominence. The southern cities have churned up modern rap artists like Dwayne Michael (Lil Wayne), Clifford Joseph (T.I) and many others .This papers aims to examine various artists, music and sch olarly articles in analyzing rap music in southern cities and its effects on modern music industry. In 1995, an AtlantaRead MoreEffects of Illegal Music Downloading on the Music Industry1262 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Illegal Downloading on the Music Industry Illegal downloading is commonly known as piracy, it describe that the steeling music from artists, songwriters, musicians, record label employees and others whose hard work and great talent who make music possible. Nowadays, downloading music is available for everyone on internet. However, it is still illegal. Downloading music on internet is what most people are doing because they do not have to pay, and they can choose only the songs theyRead MoreMusic Industry And Its Effect On The Entire Industry1113 Words   |  5 Pagesusually consider music as the necessity of life because it brings comfortable environment or the resonance of heart. However, with the development of modern computer technology and the industrial regulatory loopholes, the situations mentioned in the article have become a common phenomenon. Although some music fans may get their benefits from the pre-leaked CDs or illegally recorded products, the music smuggling and pirate have made negative impacts on the en tire industry. The pirated music creates tortRead MoreThe Effect Of Internet On The Music Industry1432 Words   |  6 Pagesinternet in the music industry is having harmful consequences. But is this entirely true? Music has always been an important part of people s lives, with the earliest forms of music being simply hitting rocks together to produce sounds. Over the years, music has developed into something more profound; a way of capturing the feelings and emotions of a composer or lyricist, which the listener can relate to and empathise with. However, since the introduction of the internet, music and access to itRead MoreThe Internets Effect on the Music Industry2389 Words   |  10 PagesThe Internet’s Effect on the Music Industry The internet has had a big impact on the workings and revenue of the music industry. It has forced the industry to change and adapt (Blethen). These changes have had both positive and negative effects on the music industry, effecting all people within the business (Mansfield). Some people share the opinion that the industry having trouble and is in turmoil (Sloan). Others think that the internet has helped the industry with its growing success and will

Equal Rights for Androids and Humans Free Essays

Equal Rights for Androids and Humans The concept of equality among all people was, unfortunately, not â€Å"self-evident† until the passengers on the Mayflower proclaimed it in 1620. A section of the Mayflower Compact reads, â€Å"†¦and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Commanger, 23) Written in 1776, the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (US Declaration Ind. We will write a custom essay sample on Equal Rights for Androids and Humans or any similar topic only for you Order Now This phrase echoes the same beliefs as those expressed in the Mayflower Compact. Efforts to achieve equality among all Americans have continued to this day. The concept of equality has not been ignored by Hollywood, either. The concept of equality has been a central theme in various popular films over the years. One such film is Bicentennial Man. The theme of Bicentennial Man challenges the viewer to question where they think the line of equality ought to be drawn. Throughout history, humans have struggled with this concept. Naturally, individuals desire to be the best, and they try to distance themselves from those who are not the same; the homeless, the handicapped, people from different cultures, or those that look different. The film approaches this idea in a different manner because Andrew, the android â€Å"star† of the film, is not a person. It takes Andrew a period of two hundred years (hence the name of the movie, Bicentennial Man) to convince the World Government that he did, in fact, have a soul and should be considered an equal. Columbus, Bicentennial Man) The film’s idea of android equality is not (yet) an issue needing to be addressed in American society. The film’s concept of equality does, however, resemble the real challenges of human equality faced by many Americans throughout history. At the start of the movie, it was established that Andrew only existed to serve and obey his owners, the Martin family. His only purpose was to obey the commands of and attend to the needs of this family. Jeremy Bentham, a political theorist, believes this is an example of the concept of utilitarianism. In simple terms, utilization is using an object (or people) â€Å"as a tool† to achieve a goal. (Nelson, 205). A word that could be used interchangeably with utilitarianism is, of course, slavery. Bicentennial Man evaluation of android equality is a clear reflection of the challenges of equal rights faced by many Americans throughout the history of the nation. In the film, Andrew Martin, the android, fought for 200 years in order to be declared equal to the humans he once served. In the real history of America, however, African-Americans fought for more than 300 years for equal rights as Americans. If only reality was a swift as Hollywood! Works Cited: Bicentennial Man. Dir. Chris Columbus. Perf. Robin Williams and Embeth Davidtz. Radiant Productions, 1999. DVD. Mayflower Compact. November 11, 1620. Documents of American History. Ed. Henry S. Commanger. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1968. Nelson, Brian. Western Political Thought From Socrates to the Age of Ideology. 2nd. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1996. Print. How to cite Equal Rights for Androids and Humans, Essay examples

Educating Rita Essay Transition Example For Students

Educating Rita Essay Transition Educating RitaEntertainment from todays astounding visual effects in movies to men acting as women in Shakespearean plays some centuries ago, have always been and will always be appreciated by many.Even George B. Shaws play Pygmalion, has given a few laughs, but not only made for engaging an audience in something fun and making money, instead to a noticeable extent for people to learn. Pygmalion in fact, is a play filled with its popular misconceptions, like in Act 1 where a professor in phonetics happens to recognize unknowably a person he was meant to meet in India, while arguing with him on a street in London. Here the class differences are very emphasized since the play is based on a social interaction between the classes, and this causing social problems. These social problems are mentioned as the sexual tensions arise in the play. One of the most important concepts Shaw though is the Socio-linguistics, since the story is based on a bet of a common flower girl transforming into a duchess thanks to a properly taught English. In most stories misconceptions are found to make the plot more interesting. Shaw also uses this technique for his story to attract the reader making one event crucial for the development of the story. He opens his umbrella and dashes off Strandwards, but comes into collision with a flower girl who is hurrying in for shelter, knocking her basket out of her hands. A blinding flash lightning, followed instantly by a rattling peal of thunder, orchestrates the incidentA common example of a popular misconception is when two people accidentally meet in odd circumstances. In this case two people coincidentally bump into each other on the street: a flower girl and a man who is in a higher class than her. It is this collision, with a rattling thunder which orchestrates the incident that explains how all the events come into place and becoming a good opening scene. In the leading event the first themes are introduced: the class differences. Six pence thrown away! Really, mamma, you might have spared Freddy that. ( Act 1, pg. 17 Miss Eynsford Hill says about Eliza)The class differences are very defined and the upper classes disrespect is very marked as seen in this quote. The quote suggests p retty much an air of superiority and arrogance from Miss Eynsfords Hill part and little compassion to a person who is trying to make a living. During the period of time the play takes place society had its social classes heirachiallythe upper class there was no interaction at all with the lower classes. As the play suggests the distinctions between the classes were even clearer. The poor were divided into two: the deserving and the undeserving poor. Im a good girl I am(Liza constantly repeats this in the first acts of the play) As deserving poor Liza, the flower girl has to continuously show her innocence. She has to work hard and be aware of the police, since they are often there as a hindrance. Any little mistake when selling flowers can be the cause of jail. The deserving poor are the people who try to climb the social ladder by working and try to have a decent living, much different from the undeserving poor. Dont say that, Governor. Dont look at it that way. What am I, Governors both? I ask you, what am I. Im one of the undeserving poor: thats what I am. Think what that means to a man. It means that hes up agen middle class morality all the timeI dont eat less hearty than him; and drink a lot more. I want a bit of amusement, cause Im a thinking man( Act 2, pg 58 Mr Doolittle says to Mr Higgins)The undeserving poor, the people who spend most of the time drinking the money they have earned do not have any remorse of not l..iving a life with middle class moralities with its responsibilities and duties. Mr Doolittle is a stereotype for this kind of living. .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .postImageUrl , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:visited , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:active { border:0!important; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:active , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: David Foster Wallace’s essay Consider the LobsterAs mentioned the class differences are utterly shown and while this interaction between the two classes occurs the issue of the social problem arises. You expect me to get into that and wet myself all over! Not me. I should catch my death. I knew a woman did it every Saturday night; and she died of it(Act 2, pg 47 Liza says about bathing) The lower class had to be careful of catching diseases and protect themselves from the cold, Londons streets were harsh to live in. Bathing was, in fact, as the quote explains something to be afraid of, as nudity and issues involving their hygiene. This scene is like death for Liza, who has never even seen her own face in the mirror, which the author with his writing portrays realistically.These are one of the many social problems Liza is not ready to deal with. The act of having to give up everything she has learned throughout her life living on the streets is hard. She is suddenly facing new problems and a different way of thinking and living that is clearly illustrated in the bathing scene. The sexual tensions that were not there before are now seen in the next acts. When the girls life of becoming as an great opportunity is seen as a problem for the women. Will you please keep to the point, Mr Higgins. I want to know on what terms the girl is to be here. Is she to have any wages? And what is to become of her when youve finished your teaching? You must look ahead a little.(Act 2, pg 42 Mrs Pearce says to Mr Higgins)A conflict that is repeatedly mentioned in all acts, is this tension between the two sexes. To the men it is an advantage for a young woman to learn proper English and be able to climb the social ladder drastically. The women in the play, Mrs. Pearce and Mrs. Higgings instead see the consequences of the girl, the social problem, the adaptation she has to go through by living in an entirely unknown world.Socio-linguistics is included in this change of life the main character is dragged in to. How language is used was and is an important factor in every society.Mr Higgins, the professor in phonetics explains it being a decisive matter if one wants to climb in the social ladder. Men begin in Kentish town with 80 a year, and end in Park lane with a hundred thousand; but they give themselves away every time they open their mouths(Act 1 pg 27, Mr Higgins says to the gentleman, Mr Pickering)The author gives the example of a poor girl that by talking according to upper class is mistaken as a princess. As you speak you are perceived which Shaw illustrates in the play. When the flower girl was treated as a lady she acted as a lady. This is a good lesson to learn and can be with all kinds of people and situations. George B. Shaw did not only write this play to entertain which this analysis elucidates. Class differences are conspicuous, but it is hard to know the characteristics of each if one has not been in that position, illustrates the play. Therefore, plays that interpret the views of rich and poor, deal with social antagonisms and those are enlightened in Pygmalion. Not only this even sexual tensions are studied. As the men focus on one objective the women do not, they analyze its surroundings, thinking about it as a whole with its consequences. This one definitely sees with the male and female characters in the play. The socio-linguistics, which the writer also has as one of the main themes, is defined to be the key factor on how you perceive people. Lastly, what he also puts emphasis into is the popular misconceptions that are crucial for the plot of this story.

Advantages Of Watching Tv Shows Such As 20/20 Essays - Soap Opera

Advantages Of Watching Tv Shows Such As 20/20 Talk Shows sometimes can be educational, for awareness, personal stories, fashion, or reunions; it just depends on what the viewers of that show are more interested in. Some of these shows are just shows, just movies, and a story of several people that keeps going; however, they are different from Soap Operas because Soap Operas are stories about many different characters, not one story. Shows such as the Family Feud, are game shows, but can be educational at the same time. There are many different types of shows being viewed by America on television. It all depends on the person watching, and what he chooses to watch. Each person has the opportunity to watch whatever he or she wants to watch. This is why channels were created. If you don't want to watch a show, change the channel. And parents take your children out. Maybe since we watch television so much, we too have become overweight, as many Americans have. Movies and Cinema Essays

Essay Sample on Creditors

Essay Sample on Creditors Our creditors are heavily involved with sharing, selling, and releasing our personal identifying information for profit. Like the businesses and companies we deal with, we all have different credit backgrounds so we will all have different creditors that we deal with. For right now, let us talk about who some of your creditors might be. Each and every business you receive monthly statements from, businesses you make payments to each month, and all those businesses you have accounts with that show open on your credit reports are considered your creditors. We want you to start identifying all your creditors and create a list utilizing the form below. If you start creating this list now and add to it as we move through the chapters, it will make the protection process easier for you to complete. If you need custom essays, research papers, theses, dissertations or term papers on Business, Finance or other disciplines feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

James VI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

James VI - Essay Example His father Henry Stewart but widely known as Lord Darnley. Darnley, he lost his life in a mysterious explosion at his residence. Just seven months after this Mary Queen of Scots was forced to surrender her throne as she was beaten by rebels. Mary went away and James was left alone. James was given the throne of Scotland at the age of fifteen months this is when he became King James VI of Scotland (Harris& McDonald 2006 ). Today, James I of England also known as James VI of Scotland has addressed to Parliament on the divine right of kings. This was very disappointing to Parliament after many conflicts between it and King James. King James made a horrible statement to all religious eyes that kings are a figure like God himself. "Kings are fairly known as Gods, for that they use a manner of likeness of divine power upon this planet." This surprised the listeners as he spoke regarding the similarity of kings and God. This sent awe throughout the square where the speech was made. Many have said that this will send the king straight to hell with no judgment what so ever. The king made some over the edge of the earth similarities between the power of God and the power of kings. This is an exert from his speech showing the similarities: "God has the power to create, or destroy, make, or unmake at his pleasure, to give life, or send death, to judge all, raise low things, and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both soul and body due. And the like power have Kings; they make and unmake their subjects: they have the power of raising and casting down: of life, and of death: judges over all their subjects, and in all causes, and yet accountable to none but God only." (www.thedukeofyork.org/files/pdf/jamesi) This statement surprised a lot of church officials at the time and numerous protesters were there in opposition to the King. One protester held up a sign saying, "You are not God, he made the Bible." After the King saw this sign, he promised to translate the Bible to English. This is not certain to happen, as the King has a bad relationship with parliament. This might cause him to not have enough money to translate the Bible, but it will bring us to no conclusions. . As a result, James VI of Scotland was put on the English throne as James I. Like his predecessor, James was a passionate supporter of the Anglican Church. Because of this, he did not have much leniency for Puritan's demands for the improvement of the church. What little tolerance he had went to the agreement of a new translation of the Bible to English, called the King James Version or Authorized Version (www.biblelife.org/calvinism.htm ) (one of the most commonly used English translations today). Other than that, James disapproved of further modifications to church doctrines. Upset by the king's refusal, many Puritans left England to flee to Holland and later sail on the Mayflower, heading for a new life in the Americas. King James I, a shred Scotsman, was head of both the state and the church in England. He saw his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader. He therefore threatened to harass the more bothersome Separatists out of the

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage pain Research Proposal

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage pain - Research Proposal Example Patients are bound to experience pain after the effect of anaesthesia given before surgery is finally gone. White et al (2010) had reported a result of surveys in Europe and the USA, stating the need to improve the quality of managing pain after surgeries. The practice then was to use opioids which have multiple adverse effects (AEs): constipation, urinary retention, vomiting/nausea, allergic reactions, confusion, sedation, respiratory depression, and hypotension. These AEs increased the cost of hospitalization and delayed the recovery of patients. A better way of managing pain was then under clinical trials for 15 years. It involved the use of analgesics that require less opioids. There was no FDA approved Intravenous Acetaminophen at that time. Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc. patented the first I.V. Paracetamol in July 8, 2011 (US SEC 2011) and produced Ofirmev which, until the present, does not have a competitor worldwide due to the recognized protection for intellectual property. Th is gathered evidence about the efficacy and safety of using Ofirmev (the only available US FDA approved Intravenous Acetaminophen in the market), how it benefits patients, and actually improved the quality of pain management. There were evidences based on actual clinical trials with patients that proved the efficacy and safety of Intravenous Paracetamol to neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, and even the elderly with age 65 years old and above, for mild, moderate, and severe cases of pain, especially postoperative pain. Introduction Focus is given to the extent of actual benefits observed in many clinical trials, limitations, and clarifications pertaining to the use of I.V. Paracetamol use for postoperative pain management. As a background, over a year after the introduction of the US FDA approved injectable pain reliever under the brand name Ofirmev, doctors have pursued further clinical trials in Europe and the USA covering thousands of patients. One of the reference s of this paper took the effort to search for registered clinical trials in order to learn more about efficacy, safety, proportion of patients who responded favourably or not, to mostly postoperative cases. It would be interesting to know under what conditions I.V. Acetaminophen should be administered to patients. What procedures were followed? Why? There are very young to very old patients who encounter the need for surgery. How should it be given? In actual experiences, was it safe to administer the use of this analgesic to any of such patients? What are the chances of having a satisfied postoperative patient after using Ofirmev? For one thing, doctors excluded patients with symptoms pointing to contraindications against the use of Intravenous Acetaminophen. These are situations wherein patients have severe liver disease, hepatic impairment and active hepatic disease, allergic to acetaminophen, chronic malnutrition, severe renal impairment, and to patients with history of being al coholic. The US FDA (2012a) announced that the limitation per dosage of acetaminophen should be 325 mg. while the total maximum dosage per day must not exceed 4 grams. For infants, the recommended dose of the US FDA for acetaminophen in vial is only 50 mL per child weighing less than 33 kg. (US FDA 2012b, p.12) There were cases of acetaminophen over dosages in infants and adults in the past. For adults, from 1998 to 2003, a total of 131 people experienced â€Å"acute liver failure in the United States† due to acetaminophen overdose (US FDA 2012a). Nonetheless, the medical practice has changed from using mostly opioids like morphine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the preferred use of Intravenous Acetaminophen in combination with less opioids only when needed, for reasons that will be disclosed in this paper. Problem and Purpose Quality management of postoperative pain requires provisions for the comfortable recovery of patients right after surgery. Unfor tunately, the use of opioids to

Age assessments for unaccompanied asylum seeking

Age assessments for unaccompanied asylum seeking DISSERTATION Age assessments for unaccompanied asylum seeking children: Policy, law and implications for social work. Abstract Methodology Literature Review Chapter One – Introduction Chapter Two – Unaccompanied Asylum Seekers Chapter Three – Age Assessment Policy, Legislation and Practice Chapter Four – Conclusion and Recommendations. Unaccompanied asylum seeking children arrive in the UK seeking refuge from often-horrific events in their home countries. The response of both national government and local authorities to this influx has been largely unsatisfactory with campaigners arguing that the focus has been on cutting costs and removing young asylum seekers rather than providing them with the care that they are entitled to. This study suggests that policy and practice around age assessment is central to this argument. There is significant evidence that local authorities are pressurising social workers to age assess children as older than they are in order to save them money. The haphazard way in which age assessments have usually been carried out only serves to encourage this behaviour. Even without financial pressure, the lack of a standard approach to age assessment is also leading to inconsistencies when age assessments are put into practice The focus of this dissertation has been to analyse how, why and when age assessments are used in processing unaccompanied asylum seekers and examine whether the process is fair and consistent. The methodology has primarily to adopt secondary sources and evaluate evidence from as wide a range of viewpoints as possible. The dissertation has been aimed towards a conclusion that the current process is unsatisfactory and has attempted to deliver recommendations that could improve the process. Literature for this dissertation has been gathered from a combination of academic books and journals, government publications, reports produced by independent agencies and articles from newspapers and magazines including The Guardian and Community Care. One of the most detailed reports on the subject of assessment is the 2007, When is a child not a child? Asylum, age disputes and the process of age assessment by Crawley. Much of the factual detail about the actual mechanics of age assessment has been gathered from this source. Of academic journals, the articles written by Kohli have been most useful as they delivering the results and analysis from a wide range of studies around unaccompanied asylum seekers. Each year, approximately 3000 unaccompanied children and young people arrive in the UK to seek asylum.[1] Many of these are subject to age assessment to clarify that they are entitled to services available to vulnerable children in the UK. The age of people claiming to be children can be disputed by a range of professionals, from immigration officers to police and social workers. It is important to define what an age assessment actually is at the beginning of this study. An age assessment is he method used by either the UK border and Immigration Agency or local authority social services departments to assess the age of an asylum seeker.[2]There is currently no method that is capable of defining the exact age of a child and the accuracy of the assessment will often be produced within a range of two years over or below the assessment age.[3] Some commentators have argued that many local authorities have proactively looked to avoid the cost of looking after young asylum seekers in need and have set up control measures to keep children aged 16-18 out of the territory.[4] One of the mechanisms for doing this has been attempts by social workers to stop classifying unaccompanied minors as children. There have been suggestions that many social workers became preoccupied with attempting to assess the age of applicants rather than providing services and that such an assessment was crude exercise based on the individual opinion of a single social worker. As Kohli writes â€Å"studies reported a growing disbelief in respect of those claiming to be under 18 and the treatment of anyone over 16 years as a de facto adult allowed access to food and shelter but little else.†[5] Professionals working in the highest echelons of childcare have expressed similar concerns, for example the Children’s Commissioner Sir Al Aynsley Green has stated: â€Å"Although Home Office Policy is for the immigration officer to apply the ‘benefit of the doubt’ in favour of the applicant in borderline cases, the evidence suggests that in practice this is frequently not adhered to. The result is that a substantial number of asylum seekers who are in fact unaccompanied children are excluded from the protection of domestic care regimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [6] Government policy from the early part of the decade has been to work in partnership with local authorities and disperse asylum seekers of all ages around the country. The Home Office negotiated contracts with a number of authorities to receive and accommodate asylum seekers.[7] There also is evidence to support this. Central government has since 2005 looked to change the role of social work teams at ports of entry to work practically as adjuncts to the Border and Immigration Agency, deliberately narrowing the gap between immigration and social services functions. There is clearly a financial motivation for this – in 2005 the 6000 unaccompanied asylum seeking children offered services by local authorities comprised less than 10% of cases yet used up approximately 25% of the Home Office budget.[8]Social work teams have been set targets in terms of turning away age disputed asylum seekers and assessing clients claiming to be 15 as older.[9] This study looks at how the UK deals with unaccompanied asylum seekers and in particular examines policy and practice around age assessment. Chapter two focuses on the legislation in place and policy around it whilst chapter three looks more specifically at the age assessment processes and the general failings of the system in the UK. Chapter four concludes with recommendations on improving the system Unaccompanied asylum seeking children arrive in the UK for a number of reasons. A recent study of 218 arrivals found that half came from countries undergoing armed conflict or serious disturbances and over two fifths were victims of direct or indirect persecution. Deprivation, poverty or trafficking for exploitation were other primary reasons for seeking asylum.[10] Dealing with asylum seeking children, either with or without their families is a growing area of social work practice yet one in which there is relatively little understanding of the needs or circumstances of such children.[11] In legislative terms, legislation such as The Children’s Act 1989 and The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families remain central to issues around assessment and care for asylum-seeking children and they should also be included under the remit of the Every Child Matters agenda. The Children and Young People’s Plan 2005 for example makes reference to joint working between housing and social care bodies to meet the housing needs of unaccompanied asylum seekers. [12] For local authorities, there is a duty to provide services necessary to safeguard and promote the well-being of any children deemed to be in need under the Children Act 1989. Due to the absence of their parents, unaccompanied children are classed as vulnerable and therefore in need. The Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 also reinforces the local authority duty to support unaccompanied minors. It is helpful to have a clear definition of what an unaccompanied asylum seeker actually is. The Immigration and Nationality Directorate definition is a young person under the age of 18(or who appears to be if there is no proof); who is applying for asylum in his or her own right; and who has no adult relative or guardian to turn to within the UK.[13] The age of an unaccompanied asylum seeker has historically been an important factor in respect of the Special Grant that the Home Office made available to unaccompanied minors. Prior to 2004 there were two levels of support available, with those supported under the age of 16 receiving a higher level and those first supported at age 16 or 17 receiving half that amount.[14] However, a judicial review – the Hillingdon Judgement – carried out in 2004 has significantly increased the impact on local authorities. The judgement ruled that, except in exceptional cases, all asylum-seeking children must be treated under section 20 of the Children’s Act 1989 which classes them as looked after children. [15] There is clearly an impact on service provision for both national and local government. Watters writes that â€Å"the arrival of significant numbers of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children through the port of Dover thus presented very significant challenges to social care, health and education providers in the south east.† [16] Asylum seekers who after the assessment process became looked after children would be entitled to foster or residential placements, an allocated social worker and financial support. They may also have qualified for the benefits of leaving care status up to the age of 21, a further financial burden on local authorities. The question of age then is a crucial issue for local authorities. Many young people seeking asylum do not have official papers or documentation confirming their age so practitioners in both social services and immigration have difficult decisions to make. It can be difficult to draw information from asylum seeking children – research shows that when they are asked about reasons for their asylum request, they try and fit their stories into the narrow format that they believe are acceptable in their given country.[17]This in turn can lead to scepticism amongst officials and social workers, the same research reported instances of social services personnel being cynical about young Kosovan and African males claiming to be younger than they looked and thus worrying that their services were being exploited and their resources drained.[18] Ultimately, age assessment is a crucial tool for immigration officials and social workers. There are asylum seekers who try to abuse the system, so a method of asserting age is required. When the current practices serve this purpose will be discussed in chapter three. When and Why Most age disputes in asylum cases occur when an asylum seeker first applies for asylum, normally at their port of entry.[19]There is little in the way of formal assessment at this point, age disputes will be lodged primarily based on the basis of appearance, demeanour and documentation. Another issue of contention is the range of individuals or professionals that might dispute the age of an asylum seeker – this can include immigrations officials, social workers or police officers. Social workers may even dispute the age of a child who had not been queried by immigration officials. Age disputes may happen several months or even years after a child has entered the country. Crawley quotes a case study of a young girl who had been brought into the country at a young age to be used as a domestic slave. When immigration officials became aware of her five years later – still under the age of 16 – she was age disputed before eventually taken into the care of a social services department.[20] In contrast, many young people, perhaps some who are over 18, slip through the net and are classed as minors. Many social services departments simply do not have the resources to undertake formal age assessments and have concerns about the impact of multiple interviews and assessment on young asylum seekers. As such, decisions are made not to query age. Policy and Legislative framework Home Office policy in terms of unaccompanied minors is set out in policy documents including Policy bulletin 33, Guidance from processing applications from children and Guidance on age disputed cases 3rd ed which lays out specific procedures for professionals who dispute a claimant’s age and believe that it is an adult claiming to be a child. One of the most interesting aspects of policy and perhaps the most controversial in the light of what appears to be happening is that the INDs guidance on age disputed cases states clearly that when there is an age dispute â€Å"a claimant must be given the benefit of the doubt with regards to their age unless their physical appearance strongly suggests that they are aged 18 or over†.[21]It seems that this is not the case currently in practice – local authorities certainly are encouraging social work team to dispute age more regularly. Other aspects of the IND guidance can be confusing and it is not surprising that there are inconsistencies in practice. For example there is no actual duty for immigration officers to refer age disputed cases to the appropriate local authority, rather this is something that should be done in principle, a situation that can only complicate things for social workers further down the line. Overall, the current system seems disjointed and variable. As Crawley writes: â€Å"There is evidence of a significant gap between what is supposed to happen and to what happens in practice†[22] and some of the issues involves at age assessment units around the country highlight this: A general lack of care, including a lack of food and water, for young people waiting to be screened A failure to use the privacy of separate interview rooms Difficulties with microphones meaning conversations held through the glass screen in the public area are either overheard or not heard at all No responsible adult being present to support young person[23] Clearly age assessment is not a simple matter. All children vary in development, maturity and natural growth and there can be a wide range of supposed ‘normal findings’ at various ages. It is extremely difficult to accurately gather a young persons age and things such as race, ethnicity and local conditions such as disease and malnutrition have to be considered in any assessment. Whether children’s social workers are qualified to do this is questionable The organisation Youth Support which assists young refuges reports that in its own age assessment process it includes as many factors as possible including â€Å"height, weight, body mass, shoe size, developmental factors such as skin care and teeth, sexual development; mental and emotional age estimates including thought processes and general concepts. Also of great importance is the history and social milestones which the young person might have experienced – again talking culture and religion into consideration.†[24] There is clearly inconsistency in the process nationwide. Michie argues that one of the problems in the UK has been that a diversity of systems and guidelines has developed in assessing the age of unaccompanied minors, involving a combination of history collection, physical anthropometry and radiographs. He writes: â€Å"Their lack of uniformity identifies an underlying difficulty: there is no method by which chronological age can be precisely estimated in this age group. Paediatricians in the United Kingdom care for small numbers of individuals in late adolescence and early adulthood in graduate outpatient services, but often have little experience in this area.†[25] There are some success stories. At Heathrow Airport for example, Hillingdon Social Services have used a number of strategies to deal with large volumes of unaccompanied asylum seekers. These have included use of a dedicated police officer for child protection, a specific questionnaire for staff working at terminal 3 and the development of a specifics age assessment tool combined with specific training,.[26] Guidance for Social Work Practice Age assessment is clearly a difficult area for social work practitioners. There is little experience in this type of work and relatively little in the way of practice guidelines. The guidance drawn up by the Children’s Legal Centre is perhaps the most useful document for social workers to refer to when carrying out age assessments. Some of the points included are: Taking account of ethnicity, culture and customs of the person being assessed and well as the level of trauma, tiredness, anxiety and bewilderment present The asylum seeker may have had coaching prior to arrival. It is important for the social work to engage with the person in a process sometimes known as ‘joining’. The assessment framework should be led by open, non-leading questions The practitioner should note the verbal and non-verbal (body language) behaviour of the person A useful indicator is if the person seems uncomfortable talking to an adult A detailed family tree with ages of parents and siblings can help assessing likely age Questions about the activities and roles a person was involved in prior to entering the UK can be a good indicator Social workers may consider arranging for the person to be put in a social situation with people of the age stated and observing interaction Gaining detailed accounts of educational history can be a valuable source of information in making an accurate age assessment Assessment of life skills is useful – does the person have any experience of living independently, managing money etc[27] All of the above can be done in conjunction with opinion and input from other sources including foster carers, teachers, doctors, interpreters and residential workers. It is useful also to have input from paediatricians, dentists or optician although a social worker should take into account advice from paediatricians that there can be a five year error in age assessments.[28] Just as important is information and best practice sharing between professional involved in this type of work. A uniform approach to age assessment across the UK should be a shared objective. There are clearly huge improvements necessary in the way that social service departments across the country deal with unaccompanied asylum seekers. This includes both the process for age assessment and the subsequent services provided. Evidence shows that staff in the various agencies dealing with these children lack knowledge about the services available and how to deal with the emotional trauma that many of these children will have experienced.[29]Social workers dealing with age assessments are clearly lacking in the skills to do so accurately. One reported when surveyed: â€Å"We do them (age assessments) but we can be wrong five years either side – it matters a lot doesn’t it? They can end up with many dates of birth – social services, Home Office, their own..†[30] Practitioners need such understand the vulnerability of the young people they are dealing with and avoid taking a cynical approach. As Michie concludes: â€Å"The fairness, legality and ethical base of any national framework for age assessment has to take into account legal history, jurisprudence as well as the paediatric wisdom, â€Å"What if this were my child?†, Although it may be difficult to quantify the inadequacies of the current system, it clearly compounds abuse to a vulnerable group of children. We must do better.†[31] The are some positives in examining the UK response to unaccompanied asylum seekers . The more holistic approach developed in recent years seems to be more efficient are more aware of the sensitivities of the issues than for example the US and Australian governments. Bhaba et al write of the UK: â€Å"It has made extensive efforts to identify children in genuine need at the earliest possible stage and to institute programmes to target trafficking in children through training of in country border officials and the instigation of research. [32]This is a pleasing sign, yet problems still occur when age is disputed. Recommendations: There are a number of steps that can be taken to improve the way in which young asylum seekers are treated to ensure consistency. Protection of vulnerable children is crucial, yet it is also important that age assessments can be used to identify asylum seekers over the age of 18 who seek to abuse the system. The EU’s reception directive states that unaccompanied children seeking asylum should be appointed a legal guardian[33] and this should be adopted by the UK Helping vulnerable children through the process would be a welcome improvement. Trained, skilled age assessors should be employed at ports of entry. These may well be social workers, experienced in dealing with this age group, accountable to a child protection team with paediatric expertise open to them in some form. Another option would be to establish fully trained multi agency teams based in regional assessment centres, something that would produce holistic and better-informed outcomes. Ideally age assessors should be financially independent of local authority social services – this would limit the chance of pressure being put upon assessors to reach targets for the number of age assessments found to be 18+. The lack of statutory guidance on the process of age assessment should also be addressed – this would help alleviate some of the inconsistencies in the process. A final recommendation, supported by Crawley, would be for the age assessment process to be overlooked by an independent age assessment panel which could provide support and guidance, help with the auditing process and make it less likely that decisions could be challenged or influence by those holding the local authority purse strings. The most important thing is that age assessment is done fairly and consistently, and that young asylum seekers are treated in the same way, regardless of port of entry or the local authority overseeing them. At present this is not the case and there is work for legislators, policy makers and practitioners to do if this is to be rectified. Bibliography Bhaba J, Finch N, Crock M Schmidt S, Seeking Asylum Alone, Themis Press 2006 Chase e, Emotional Well-being of asylum seeking children, http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2008/07/29/108994/well-being-of-asylum-seeking-children.html accessed 15 October Children’s Legal Centre, Practice Guidelines for age assessment of young unaccompanied asylum seekers, http://www.childrenslegalcentre.com/NR/rdonlyres/BAA6E134-7810-42C1-9634-2AC500D326DE/0/PracticeNotesKarenGoodman.pdf accessed 15 October Crawley, H, When is a child not a child? Asylum, age disputes and the process of age assessment, Immigration Law Practitioners Association, May 2007 DFES 2005, Guidance on the Children and Young People’s Plan, Hayes D, Humphries B, Cohen S, Social Work, Immigration and Asylum, Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2004 Kelly A, Minors Conflict, The Guardian Jan 31 2007 http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/jan/31/asylum.guardiansocietysupplement1 accessed 16 October Kohli R, The Comfort of Strangers: social work practice with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people in the UK, child and Family Social Work ,vol 11 2006 Kohli R, The Sound of Silence: Listening to What Unaccompanied Asylum-seeking Children Say and Do Not Say, British Journal of Social Work vol 36 2006 Michie CA, Age Assessment: time for progress? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(6) June 2005 Mitchell F, The social services response to unaccompanied children in England, Children and Family Social Work, vol 8 August 2003 Watters C, Refugee Children, Routlege 2008 http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/jan/05/immigration.immigrationandpublicservices accessed 15 October Asylum seekers and unaccompanied minors, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/jan/05/immigration.immigrationandpublicservices accessed 16 October http://www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/asylumprocessguidance/specialcases/guidance/disputedagecases.pdf?view=Binary accessed 15 October www.everychildmatters.com accessed 14 October http://www.ilpa.org.uk/infoservice/Info%20sheet%20Age%20Disputes%20%20Age%20Assessment.pdf accessed 16 October 1 [1] Chase e, Emotional Well-being of asylum seeking children, http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2008/07/29/108994/well-being-of-asylum-seeking-children.html [2] http://www.ilpa.org.uk/infoservice/Info sheet Age Disputes Age Assessment.pdf [3] http://www.ilpa.org.uk/infoservice/Info sheet Age Disputes Age Assessment.pdf [4] P2 Kohli R, The Comfort of Strangers: social work practice with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people in the UK, child and Family Social Work ,vol 11 2006 [5] p2 Kohli 2006 [6] p4 Crawley 2007 [7] p85 Watters 2008 [8] p84 Watters C, Refugee Children, Routlege 2008 [9] p84 Watters C, Refugee Children, Routlege 2008 [10] p179 Mitchell F, The social services response to unaccompanied children in England, Children and Family Social Work, vol 8 August 2003 [11] p132 Hayes D, Humphries B, Cohen S, Social Work, Immigration and Asylum, Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2004 [12] p22 Guidance on the Children and Young People’s Plan, DFES 2005 [13] P179 Mitchell 2003 [14] p179 Mitchell 2003 [15] Kelly A, Minors Conflict, The Guardian Jan 31 2007 http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/jan/31/asylum.guardiansocietysupplement1 [16] p85 Watters 2008 [17] p711 Kohli R, The Sound of Silence: Listening to What Unaccompanied Asylum-seeking Children Say and Do Not Say, British Journal of Social Work vol 36 2006 [18] p718 Kohli 2006 [19] p14 Crawley 2007 [20] p16 Crawley 2007 [21] p43 Crawley 2007 [22] p44 Crawley 2007 [23] p47 Crawley 2007 [24] Asylum seekers and unaccompanied minors, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/jan/05/immigration.immigrationandpublicservices [25] p612 Michie CA, Age Assessment: time for progress?Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(6) June 2005 [26] p613 Michie 2005 [27] Childrens Legal Centre, Practice Guidelines for age assessment of young unaccompanied asylum seekers, http://www.childrenslegalcentre.com/NR/rdonlyres/BAA6E134-7810-42C1-9634-2AC500D326DE/0/PracticeNotesKarenGoodman.pdf [28]

The Future Of Fuel Cell Technology Engineering Essay

In our current universe of planetary heating, clime alteration, fuel insecurity, and high energy demand and ingestion from developing states, it is perfectly necessary we started looking into how to bring forth the power of the hereafter. Through research, development, and promotion of engineering, several beginnings of alternate, clean renewable energy have been identified. One of the alternate beginnings of energy for the hereafter is â€Å" The Fuel Cell Technology † . This engineering ( fuel cell engineering ) has the possible to be the drift which will transform the manner in which industries of today will bring forth energy of tomorrow. Fuel Cell can merely be describe as a power bring forthing system made up of electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of H into electrical energy. The electrical energy is generated from the reaction between H ( which is the fuel ) an O ( which is the oxidizer ) . The history of fuel cells history can be dated back to 1939 when William Grove, a British scientist foremost discovered its rule. He demonstrated this by utilizing four big cells ( each incorporating H and O ) to bring forth electric power which was so used to divide the H2O ( in a smaller upper cell ) into H and O. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) subsequently demonstrated their possible applications in supplying power during infinite flights. Since so, industry has been looking at the commercial viability of fuel cells engineering to bring forth energy in assorted applications in such a manner that it can vie with other sources/types of energy coevals.Fuel CellsTypesThere are several types of fuel cells being developed. The chief difference between fuel cells types is their electrolyte. The chief fuel cells types are listed below:Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells ( PEMFC ) :This is besides called the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. It is the most favorable fuel cell engineering that offer alternate to the internal burning engine. The PEMFC uses a thin plastic membrane as its electrolyte. The reaction gases ( H and O ) are fed into the cell to respond with the anode and the cathode. The fuel H continuously flows to the anode. At the anode, H ions ( or protons ) and negatrons are produce from the H. Merely positively charged H ions pass through the membrane. The negatively charged negatrons flow to the electrical socket to bring forth electrical power. Oxygen continuously flow to the cathode. At the cathode the O combines with H ions and the negatrons to organize H2O which flows out of the cell. 2HA? a 4Ha + 4ea? » Equation for the reaction of the anode Oa‚‚ + 4Ha + 4ea? » a 2Ha‚‚O Equation for the reaction at the cathode 2Ha‚‚ + Oa‚‚ a 2Ha‚‚O Overall Equation Figure 1: How PEMFC works ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //altenergystation.com/fuel-cells.html ) The PEMFC has many advantages over all other types of fuel cell ; The PEMFC has a high power denseness and a low operating temperature ( of about 60-80 grades Celsius ) compared with other types of fuel cell. Its low operating temperature makes the fuel cell to warm up and get down bring forthing electricity within a short period of clip. Besides, the electrolyte is a solid stuff which makes it simpler to fabricate. The solid electrolyte of PEMFC makes it easier to orientate compared with other electrolytes. It is besides less caustic and has longer cell life and stack life. Other advantages of PEMFC are: It merely requires H and O as reactant. The by merchandise is H2O. It can be used as an option to internal burning engine. Although PEMFC has many benefits, it does hold some disadvantages excessively. The operating temperature is low ( about 80A °C ) ; which is non high plenty to execute utile cogeneration. It is an expensive signifier of electricity coevals. It cost about ?2500 – ?5000 per kilowatt. The control of wet in the cathode and anode watercourse is of import as the electrolyte is required to be saturated with H2O to run optimally.Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ( DMFC )These types of fuel cells are comparable to the PEMFC except that methyl alcohol is used as fuel alternatively of H. It works by oxidising of the liquid methyl alcohol ( CHa‚?OH ) in the presence of H2O at the anode. The DMFC uses the same type of electrolyte as the PEMFC, but with thicker membranes. The chemical equation ( reaction ) of the DMFC is as follow ; At the anode: CHa‚?OH + Ha‚‚O a COa‚‚ +6Ha + 6ea? » At the cathode: 3/2Oa‚‚ + 6Ha + 6ea? » a 3Ha‚‚O Overall Equation: CHa‚?OH + 3/2Oa‚‚ a COa‚‚+ 2Ha‚‚O DMFC engineering is really applicable for portable power devices like laptops, 2-way wirelesss, cell phones, PDA etc. This is due to the high energy denseness of the methyl alcohol fuel. The current DMFCs can bring forth power denseness between 300-1000mWcmA? compared to PEMFC power denseness of 300-1000mWcmA? . DMFC can run between 50A °C and 120A °C with an efficiency of approximately 40 % . The DMFC offers a batch of benefits compared with PEMFC ; nevertheless its development is still in its early phases. Some of its advantages are ; It uses a liquid ( methyl alcohol ) fuel for power. Methanol can incorporate efficaciously with transmittal and distribution systems that are already in being. It does non necessitate a complicated fuel storage system, as suppose to hydrogen fuel storage for PEMFC. It is simpler in its design, and has the possible for low-volume, lightweight packaging. Methanol is easier to transport and provide in commercial measures utilizing current gasolene substructure. The chief disadvantage nevertheless, is that the low oxidation of methyl alcohol to hydrogen ions and COa‚‚ requires a more active accelerator. The fuel stack requires big measures of Pt compared with the PEMFC. Due to the big measures of Pt requires, the DMFC are more expensive. Other disadvantages are ; methanol is extremely caustic and toxic, DMFC have low efficiency compared to PEMFC due to the high pervasion of methyl alcohol through the membrane.Alkaline Fuel Cells ( AFC )AFC were one of the first type of fuel cell engineerings developed and used in the United States infinite plan to bring forth electricity. AFC operates by utilizing a solution of K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) in H2O as the electrolyte. It can utilize a broad scope of assorted non-precious metals as a accelerator at the anode and the cathode. AFC operates at temperature between 100A °C and 250A °C, nevertheless, most recent design of AFC operate at lower temperature of approximately 23A °C to 70A °C. AFC have been proved to hold efficiency of stopping point to 60 % . Advantages of AFC are ; The costs of AFC are lowered compared to other signifiers of fuel cell engineerings because Alkaline engineering can work absolutely good without the usage of cherished metals. The AFC operates at a low temperature of about 70A °C. This lower its costs because the lower the operating temperature, the lower the cost of the stuffs needed to make a working and dependable system. AFC has the highest efficiency of all fuel cell type ( about 60 % ) . AFC nevertheless is susceptible to taint, hence requires pure H and O. Susceptibility of AFCs to taint besides affects the cell ‘s life-time, therefore extra cost.Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells ( PAFC )The PAFC is one of the modern fuel cell and the first to be used commercially. PAFC can bring forth up to 200 kilowatt of power and is chiefly used to power stationary power coevals and besides to power big vehicles like coachs. The PAFC uses liquid phosphorous acid as an electrolyte. The phosphorous acid is contained in a Teflon-bonded Si carbide matrix and porous C electrodes incorporating a Pt accelerator. The chief feature of PAFC is the impregnation of the phosphorous acid aqueous solution as the electrolyte in the matrix. The efficiency of PAFC is approximately 40 % but can be increased to over 70 % with combined heat and power. One of the chief advantages of PAFC is that they are more receptive to drosss in fossil fuels that have been reformed into H than PEMFC, which are easy poisoned by C monoxide. PAFC are besides more efficient when used for the cogeneration of electricity and heat ( about 85 % ) . Other benefit of PAFC is its first-class dependability and long-run public presentation. The disadvantage nevertheless is that it takes longer to warm up because it operates at a higher temperature ( between 150A °C and 200A °C ) , therefore doing it unsuitable for usage in autos. It besides requires Pt as a accelerator like most other types of fuel cells, but provides low power and current. Another deficit of PAFC is its size and volume in relation to their end product compared with other types of fuel cell. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells ( MCFC ) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ( SOFC ) Hydrogen Electrolysis PEM Fuel Cell and Electrolyser Operating Principles Table Fuel Cell Development in Future: An Independent Opinion Experiment: How to Better Output and Efficiency ofaˆÂ ¦ Consequence: Calculation of Improved Efficiency/Performance Decision Glossary Appendixs

Ccot Essay

CCOT Essay: China 100 CE-600 CE China’s culture and it’s values have stayed as mostly continuities and few or little changes. The teachings and values of Confucianism that were so strong that they have lasted throughout the centuries of Chinese history and is still well-known today. These values included guidelines on respect. Chinese civilization during the classical civilization was a patriarchy and with the Confucius teaching which created the outline of how a good family should work like. Patriarchy was continuity for Chinese civilization.Many of Confucius’ beliefs and values will survive and withstand many potential changes to come. One of these changes were Buddhism, which came into China through many different paths such as the Silk Road. The Han Dynasty fell, causing China to go into a three year period of chaos. China’s cultural unity was threatened by the spread of Buddhism, though it was tone of the one ideas that was imported into China before the 20th century. Fortunately for China’s streak of continuity, the three century period of chaos would end which would also revive Confucianism.The rising and falling of dynasties were continuity. Confucianism took China’s social pieces and put them together. Even though China had many changes that took place from 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , they always evened out culturally. They also remained in their streak of cultural continuity thanks to Confucius and his teachings. One of these continuities was the dynamic cycles, like the Zhou dynasty, the Qin dynasty, and the Han dynasty, because it had lasted throughout the Classical Era. Many things were changing around the time period.The first of these things was that the bureaucratic system. It was becoming more and more corrupt. Peasants and the regular people of China became poor. After germs and disease came, people started to die as well. Then nomads came, and due to the unstable government of China at the time, the army was not able to push them. Therefore, the Han dynasty was overthrown completely. The same sort of overthrowing by nomadic invasions happened in Rome as well. The Germanic invaders came in and broke Rome apart. Rome was then divided into three areas and was never completely revived ever again.After the three century period of chaos, the T’ang dynasty came later, in 618 C. E. to revive Confucianism and the bureaucratic system. During the classical era, the Chinese civilization underwent major governmental change. In China still physically remained strong and united. The reason for this is because China had a very solid social and political system that was based off of Confucianism. The cause of these major radical changes in China’s government is because of the weakened government; the nomadic invasions did not help either.

Jane Eyre A Deep Secret Rooted Within Its Very Foundation

Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre is a novel that has a deep secret rooted within its very foundation. Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea often seen as a prequel to Jane Eyre (as it is set a time that precedes the events of the novels) sets out to unearth the secrets that are hidden within Jane Eyre; it fills in the chasm that exists in Jane Eyre by providing the history of Edward Rochester’s Creole wife Bertha Mason nee Antoinette Cosway. In a 1979 interview with Elizabeth Vreeland Rhys explained her reason for writing Wide Sargasso Sea: I thought, why should she think Creole women are lunatics and all that? What a shame to make Rochester’s first wife, Bertha, the awful madwoman....She seemed such a poor ghost. I thought I’d try to write her a life. (235) Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea is similar to Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre in that they are both novels made up of three parts; the novels both deal with issues of domination and independence that are influenced by the gothic .Wide Sargasso Sea gives an account of Rochester’s marriage in Jamaica; in doing so it reveals a complex web of relationships, social structures, and lives from the colonial island world that are overlooked and abandoned in Jane Eyre; as explained by Homi Bhabha the â€Å"histories we choose to remember and recount† (57) are often biased, thrusting aside cultures and people believed to be inferior and less important by the Eurocentric world view. Wide Sargasso Sea is a postcolonial Caribbean gothic novel that gives voice toShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesAgathon, by Christoph Martin Wieland (1767)—often considered the first true Bildungsroman[9] Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1795–96) 19th century[edit] Emma, by Jane Austen (1815) The Red and The Black, by Stendhal (1830) The Captain s Daughter, by Alexander Pushkin (1836) Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà « (1847)[21] Pendennis, by William Makepeace Thackeray (1848–1850) David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens (1850) Green Henry, by Gottfried Keller (1855)[22] Great Expectations